Literature
- Ashe, P. and Cranston, R.S. 1990a. Family Chironomidae, pp. 113-335. In: Soós, A. and Papp, L. [eds]: Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Vol. 2: Psychodidae - Chironomidae. Akademiai Kiadó, Budapest and Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam. 499 pp.
- Walker, F. 1856a. Insecta britannica. Diptera. London 3: XXIV+1-352.