Literature
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- Fittkau, E.J. and Murray, D.A. 1986a. The pupae of Tanypodinae (Diptera, Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region - Keys and diagnoses. In: Wiederholm, T. [ed.]: Chironomidae of the Holarctic region. Part 2. Pupae. Entomologica scandinavica Supplement 28: 31-113.
- Kieffer, J.J. 1923a. Chironomides nouveaux ou peu connus de la région paléarctique. Annales de la Société scientifique de Bruxelles 42: 138-180.
- Roback, S.S. 1971a. The subfamily Tanypodinae in North America [The adults of the subfamily Tanypodinae (= Pelopiinae) in North America (Diptera; Chironomidae)]. Monographs of the Academy of natural Sciences of Philadelphia 17: 1-410.