Literature
- Fittkau, E.J. 1962a. Die Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae). Die Tribus Anatopyniini, Macropelopiini und Pentaneurini. Abhandlungen zur LarvenSystematik der Insekten 6: 1-453.
- Fittkau, E.J. and Murray, D.A. 1986a. The pupae of Tanypodinae (Diptera, Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region - Keys and diagnoses. In: Wiederholm, T. [ed.]: Chironomidae of the Holarctic region. Part 2. Pupae. Entomologica scandinavica Supplement 28: 31-113.