Literature
- Brundin, L. 1956a. Zur Systematik der Orthocladiinae (Dipt., Chironomidae). Reports Institute of Freshwater Research, Drottningholm 37: 5-185.
- Coffman, W.P., Cranston, P.S., Oliver, D.R. and Saether, O.A. 1986a. The pupae of Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region - Keys and diagnoses. In: Wiederholm, T. [ed.]: Chironomidae of the Holarctic region. Part 2. Pupae. Entomologica scandinavica Supplement 28: 147-296.