Literature
- Coffman, W.P., Cranston, P.S., Oliver, D.R. and Saether, O.A. 1986a. The pupae of Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region - Keys and diagnoses. In: Wiederholm, T. [ed.]: Chironomidae of the Holarctic region. Part 2. Pupae. Entomologica scandinavica Supplement 28: 147-296.
- Goetghebuer, M. and Lenz, F. 1940a. 13g. Tendipedidae-Orthocladiinae [part]. In: Lindner, E. [ed.]: Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region 3(1): 1-28.
- Saether, O.A. 1975d. Nearctic and Palaearctic Heterotrissocladius (Diptera: Chironomidae). Bulletin of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 193: 1-67.
- Spärck, R. 1923a. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Chironomidenmetamorphose I-IV. (II) Entomologiske Meddelelser 14: 49-109.