Literature
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- Kieffer, J.J. 1921e. Chironomides de Courlande. Annales de la Société scientifique de Bruxelles 40: 275-298.
- Pinder, L.C.V. and Reiss, F. 1986a. The pupae of Chironominae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region - Keys and diagnoses. In: Wiederholm, T. [ed.]: Chironomidae of the Holarctic region. Part 2. Pupae. Entomologica scandinavica Supplement 28: 299-456.
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