Literature
- Beck, W.M. and Beck, C.E. 1970a. The immature stages of some Chironomini (Chironomidae). Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences 33: 29-42.
- Pinder, L.C.V. and Reiss, F. 1986a. The pupae of Chironominae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region - Keys and diagnoses. In: Wiederholm, T. [ed.]: Chironomidae of the Holarctic region. Part 2. Pupae. Entomologica scandinavica Supplement 28: 299-456.
- Townes, H.K. 1945a. The nearctic species of Tendipedini (Diptera, Tendipedidae (= Chironomidae)). American Midland Naturalist 34: 1-206.