Literature
- Goetghebuer, M. 1928a. Diptères (Nématocères), Chironomidae III. Chironomariae. Faune de France 18: 1-174.
- Pinder, L.C.V. and Reiss, F. 1986a. The pupae of Chironominae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region - Keys and diagnoses. In: Wiederholm, T. [ed.]: Chironomidae of the Holarctic region. Part 2. Pupae. Entomologica scandinavica Supplement 28: 299-456.