Literature
- Pinder, L.C.V. and Reiss, F. 1986a. The pupae of Chironominae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region - Keys and diagnoses. In: Wiederholm, T. [ed.]: Chironomidae of the Holarctic region. Part 2. Pupae. Entomologica scandinavica Supplement 28: 299-456.
- Saether, O.A. 1977a. Taxonomic studies on Chironomidae: Nanocladius, Pseudochironomus, and the Harnischia-complex. Bulletin of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 196: 1-143.